12 Days Everest Base Camp & Central Tibet - Detail itinerary

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Detailed Itinerary:

Day 01: Arrival in Kathmandu: 1300m/4265ft (BB)
Arrival in Kathmandu where you will be met and transferred to Hotel, just walking distance to any styles of good restaurants and shops. Our Representative will give you short briefing on hotel facilities and safety. Tonight we only have a short introduction to the area, just what you need to know before the main briefing tomorrow. O/N Hotel in Kathmandu.

Day 02: Sightseeing of World Heritage sites: 1300m/4265ft (BB)
After breakfast, tour briefing will take place around 9 am and any last minute questions answered. After lunch we explore this medieval capital. We visit Boudhanath, also known as little Tibet. Then we visit Pasupatinath, holy temple of Hindu where cremation takes place by the holy river Bagmati. Later we visit Patan Durbar Square. Evening: welcome dinner hosted by Basanta Adventure. O/N Hotel in Kathmandu.

Day 03: Kathmandu-Lhasa: 3600m/11811ft (BB)
Transfer to Airport. An hour flight to Lhasa will enchant you with the spectacular, breathtaking view of the Himalayan Ranges. You will see most of the highest mountains on earth including Mt. Everest. Arrive in Gongkar airport and take a 2-hour drive to Lhasa along the banks of the river Kyi-chu that flows through to Lhasa. The drive will take you to the west of the city at Dongkar, and just west of Dongkar the Potola Palace will be visible from afar. At 3600m, it is advisable to take the rest of the day in leisure in order to acclimatize. You can go around the hotel area for light walk and sightseeing. O/N Hotel.

Day 04: Lhasa – Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Bakhor Market: 3600m/11811ft (BB)
This morning we visit the Potala Palace, winter palace of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, It is a 13th storied complex monument rising to a height of above 117m which houses 10,000 shrines and over 200,000 images and about 1000 rooms. In the afternoon we will take a tour of Jokhang Temple. Jokhang a seventh-century geomantic temple at the heart of Lhasa is the most sacred temple of all Tibet. It is considered to be a Power Place in all Tibet. Queen Bhrikuti a Nepalese princess married to King Songtsen Gampo founded Jokhang Temple and in recognition of Queen Bhrikuti the main gate of the temple faces west towards Nepal. The most impressive structure of the Jokhang Temple is the many chapels surrounding the temple. Later you can walk and shop in the popular Bakhor Square (Bazaar) where Tibetan handicraft items, Buddhist artifacts, carpets, paintings etc. are all in sale for your delight. O/N Hotel.

Day 05: Lhasa – Sera Monastery – Drepung Monastery: 3600m/11811ft (BB)
This morning we will drive 5km away from Lhasa to Sera Monastery founded in 1419. It sits in the prettiest and most charming atmosphere at the base of Mount Purbuchok. Sera Monastery used to be an important center for learning where 5,000 to 6,000 monks resided. The most intriguing feature here is the nine-meter image of the Monastery; here one can also witness the practicing debate among the monks, who pitch their knowledge against each other. In the afternoon we will drive 8km northwest of Lhasa to visit Drepung Monastery. It was the residence of the Third, Fourth and the Fifth Dalai Lamas. This winter Palace was the resident of hundreds of monks from all the major Geluk monasteries for staffing individual Chapels. The 20,000 sq m complex has survived unscathed even during the Cultural Revolution. O/N Hotel.

Day 06: Lhasa to Tsedang: 6 hrs. 210km, 3510m/11512ft (BB)
Drive to Tsedang approximately 2 hours drive form Lhasa. Tsedang is the third largest town in the central Tibet and considered historically very significant. Mount Lhababri on the west side of the valley is regarded as the place where the first Tibetan King of the Yarlung Dynasty, Nyatri Tsenpo arrived from the heavens (or from India) to rule among men. We visit Yumbu Lhakhang situated to the south of Tsetang. This was probably the first Tibetan Palace monastery. Visit Samye Monastery: First Buddhist Monastery of Nginma order to be built in Tibet, probably founded during Shantarakshita, the two Indian masters the king had invited to Tibet to help consolidate the Buddhist faith. Later taken over by the Sakya tradition and more recently came under the influence of the Gelukpa. O/N Hotel.

Day 07: Tsedang – Gyantse: 7 hours, 160km, 3950m/12956ft (BB)
We will drive over two spectacular high passes – the Kampa La at 4750m and Karo La at 5010m and over and along the beautiful deep blue green Lake called Yamdrok Lake or Turquoise Lake. The landscape of the Tibetan Plateau is truly unusual and spectacular. We will arrive in Gyantse an old Tibetan Town against a backdrop of magnificent 14th-15th century fortresses and temples. Here we will visit Pelkhor Chode Temple, which served the Gelug Sakya and Buluk orders. Here the Kumbum Stupa is an architectural masterpiece built in the style of 108-sided Mandela. It is the most revered stupa in Tibet and houses 112 chapels of which only 23 are open to the public. O/N Hotel.

Day 08: Gyantse – Shigatse: 3900m/12792ft – 2 hours (BB)
After breakfast 2 hours, 60km straight drive to Shigatse the second largest town in Tibet. Shigatse the capital of Tsang Province is 395km west of Lhasa via Gyantse. Shigatse was one of the first towns to be visited by westerners due to close distance with the Indian border. Here, Tashilumpo Palace is the place to visit. His Holiness the Panchen Lama (great scholar), the second highest spiritual figure in Tibet after His Holiness The Dalai Lama. The Fifth Dalai Lama built this artistic Palace. There are about 39 amazing chapels inside the Palace including the huge Maitreya Chapel coated with gold, its workmanship certainly impresses everyone, Tushita Chapel containing one thousand small statues of Tsongkhapa founder of Geluk order. Victory Chapel, which is concerted into a school for study and in side the chapel there is a huge gold image of Tsokapa and his two disciples and also the Tomb of the Tenth Panchen Lama just to name a few. In the afternoon, we will visit the local markets for shopping and local sightseeing. O/N Hotel.

Day 09: Shigatse – Shegar: 4200m/13776ft (BB)
Driving from Shigatse to Shegar is approx 6/7 hours. You will be crossing one of the highest Thongla Pass (5220) of the tour; you will come across many nomads together with Yak’s ship. O/N Hotel.

Day 10: Shegar – Rongbuk: 5200m/17056ft - 3 hours (BB)
From Shegar we head off the main overland route (3 hours) that rises steeply up the foothills of the Himalayas to arrive at Rongbuk Monastery. This monastery is considered to be the highest monastery in the world; you will be crossing over Pang la pass approx. 5000m. Today you will be able to marvel at the beautiful snow clapped Mt. Everest 8448m and some of the outstanding view of Mt. Shisapangma 8013m, Mt. Makalu 8464m, Mt. Lhotse 8516m and Mt. Chooyu 8201m. O/N Hotel.

Day 11: Rongbuk: 5200m/17056ft (BB)
Whole day excursion of Everest base camp. This morning you have the opportunity to explore Everest Base Camp, 5150m. The base camp itself is dry and barren, but the views of Everest more than compensate for this. It is a truly awe-inspiring place with the sheer north face of the highest mountain in the world towering above you. O/N Hotel.

Day 12: Rongbuk – Tingri: (BB)
After breakfast, you return to the Friendship Highway and drive to Tingri where you will take rest and stay overnight O/N Hotel.

Day 13: Tingri – Zhangmu: (BB)
You will drive past Tingri crossing Lalung La pass at 5124m and Shung La pass at 5200m. Savoring the enchanting views of the surrounding peaks of Shishapangma, Cho Oyu, Menlungtse and Gauri Shankar, you descend from the arid Tibetan Plateau to verdant Zhangmu on the Nepalese border. After driving for 181 km, you find yourself amidst the lush and verdant vegetation of Zhangmu at 2300 meter. O/N Hotel.

Day 14: Zhangmu – Kathmandu: 1300m/4265ft 5 hours (BB)
After breakfast, we cross the Friendship Bridge into Kodari, Nepal and drive into Kathmandu via Araniko highway. By now, you will have entered into a completely different landscape one which is vastly different from just where you were a few days ago. The Nepali foothills and the greenery will make the drive pleasant and enjoyable. Arrived Kathmandu. O/N Hotel in Kathmandu.

Day 15: Day at leisure: 1300m/4265ft (BB)
This pleasant day you may have full day at leisure and either relax at hotel or explore Kathmandu city, shopping etc. O/N Hotel in Kathmandu.

Day 16: Holiday extension or transfer to airport for final departure:
Today either you’ll have your holiday extension for another tour or we will transfer you to airport for final departure flight. 
 
General Information on Tours:
 
Basanta Adventure organizes several of tours through its subsidiary company Pamirs Travel. There are well planned package tours that can be designed as per the interest of the clients.  Please visit for more information: www.pamirstravel.com 
 
LHASA & AREA
 
01. Potala Palace: King Songtsen Gampo was the first Tibetan ruler to establish a palace on this outcrop. – the  Red Hill, which dominates the city of Lhasa. This palace was called Kukhar Potrang was burned down by the invading Chinese during the reign of his successor Mangsong Mangtsen the construction of the present palace was begun in 1645 during the reign of the great fifth Dalai Lama and completed in 1694. The building if named after Mount Potala in South India, one of the holy mountains of the Hindu God Shiva. Buddhists, however dedicated this same mountain to Avalokitesvara, the bodhisattva of compassion and gave the name “Potala” to the pure land where Avalokitesvara resides. Since both Songtsen  Gampo and Dalai Lama are considered the incarnations of  Avalokitesvara, Potala was the obvious choice for their dwelling.
 
02. Sera Monastery: 5 km north of Lhasa. Like the Drepung and Ganden is another great Gelukpa Monastery and centre for learning and monastic training. It was built below a small hermitage where Tsong Khapa spent several years in retreat and meditating, by his leading discipline Jamchen Chöje Shakya Yeshe of Tsel Gungtang in1419. Sera is divided into two main colleges (dratsang), Sera Me and Sera Je. Earlier the Emperor Yung-lo Ming of China had invited Tsong Khapa, unable to go he sent  Shakya Yeshe in his stead. The Emperor showing his appreciation of Shakya Yeshe’s teaching bestowed the title “Jamchen Chöje Shakya Yeshe in 1434 (Great Gentle Dharma Lord), name by which he is known today. 
 
03. Drepung Monastery: 8 km west of Lhasa. One of the three great Gelukpa Monasteries near Lhasa, the other two being Sera and Ganden. Until the occupation it served like its two sister monasteries as centre for learning and monastic training  to which monks from all over Tibet would come to spend as long as 15 years methodically studying and debating the meaning of the Buddhist scriptures. For centuries it existed as a small monastic township housing thousands of fully ordained monks and other functionaries. It was founded in 1416 by Jamyang Chöje  Tahsi Pelden, a disciple of  Tsong Khapa.
 
04. Norbulingka Palace: called the “Jewel Park”, is a large open area about four kilometres to the west of Lhasa, and referred to as the summer palace of the Dalai Lama. Its official name now is the People’s Park. Kelsang Gyatso, the Seventh Dalai Lama, was the first Dalai Lama to make use of this rural park. He came here not only to rest but to bathe in a curative spring to treat his legs. Since the time of the Eight Dalai Lama, the park  has been used as a summer palace, retreat and recreation area for the successive Dalai Lamas. Most of the main buildings were constructed during this entury by the Thirteenth and the Fourteenth Dalai Lamas. Construction begun under the Seventh Dalai Lama, Kelsang Gyatso in 1775. It is the first building one encounters in the eastern section of the Norbulingka is the Kelsang Palace – name after the Seventh Dalai Lama, Kelsang Gyatso.
 
05. Jokhang Temple: formerly called the Trulnang Temple or temple of “magical appearance” - erected by King Songtsen Gampo, 7th century – to house statute of Akshobhya Buddha – in Tibetan Jowo Mikö Dorje – given to him by his Nepalese Wife Princess Bhirikuti. Later the statue of Jowo Shakyamuni given to him by his Chinese wife Princess Wen Cheng, was moved here from the Ramoche Temple that the present name became Jokhang, the “Shrine of the Jowo.” It is one of the holiest of temples in Tibet and is the main centre of pilgrimage.
 
06. Tsurpu Monastery: was founded in 1189 by the first Karmapa, Dusum Khyenpa, who was born in the eastern province of Kham. He went to Central Tibet to study and at the age of thirty became the disciple of Gampopa. He returned to Kham and founded Karmapa′ i Densa, the monastery from which the Karma Kagyu derived its name. Only toward the end of his life did he return to Central Tibet to found Tsurpu. Dusum Khyenpa returned in 1204 as Karma Pakshi, the second Karmapa nine years after his death. He was invited by Kublai Khan in 1256, finding that Sakya Lama Pakpa had already established himself as the Kublai Khan’s teacher; he chose to leave. On his way he received another invitation from Möngke Khan the head of the Mongol Empire, who became his disciple and gave him the title Pakshi meaning master or achrya in Mongolian. After Mönke Khan’s death, he was banished from Tibet by Kublai Khan, who supported Pakpa. After eight years of teaching he returned to Tsurpu and spent the rest of his life renovating and enlarging the monastery. Tsurpu was further enlarged during the time of the fifth Karmapa, Deshin Shekpa.
 
07. Ganden Monastery: Located 40 km east of Lhasa. The fifteenth – century monastery erected on top Mount Drokri after a prayer festival by Tsong Khapa and the main centre of the Gelukpa order.  Ganden in Tibetan means “Tushita,” the Pure Land where the future Buddha Maitreya resides. Within a year seventy buildings had been completed, but it was not until 1417 that the main hall of the monastery was consecrated. Tsong Khapa died at Ganden two years later in 1419. Shortly before his death passed the mantle of succession to Gyelstab Je, one of his two main disciples.
 
08. Reting Monastery: It is 150 km north of Lhasa. Instead of turning left to Talung after the Chak-la pass continue on the same road for another 20 km, passing the Tashi Gomang Stupa on your left, to the small town of Pongdo Chu (or Pongdo Dzong), where the road rejoins the Kyichu River Reting is 24 km fron the Pongdo on the north bank of the Rongchu Valley. Reting was the first Kadampa moastery to be founded. Drom Tönpa,Atisha’s chief disciple, began building it when he settled herein 1057, three years after his teacher’s death. He brought with him. He had brought with him some of hid teachers relics and remained until his own death in 1064, both teaching and meditating. Many of them who had been inspired by Atisha’s approach joined him and around them crystallized what came to be known as the Kadam (Spiritual Advice) of Tibetan Buddhism. These founders were known as the Kadampa Geshes. Only later did the Gelukpa. A later outgrowth of the Kadampa ideal , use the term “Geshe” to designate an official degree of learning. After Drom the abbotship passed to his disciple Neljorpa Chenpo, who considerably enlarged the monastery. The well known kadampa Geshe  Potowa also served as abbott for three years in the eleventh century.
 
09. Namtso Lake: On the 49 km descent from Lhachen La Pass, there are spectacular views of the tidal Namtso Lake, which is 70km long and 30 km wide is the second largest salt water lake in the Tibetan Plateau after Kokonor. The average altitude is 4,718m, and the landscape is dominated by the snow peak of Nyencheb Tanglha to the southwest. O/N Guest House
 
10. Tashi Dor: A cave hermitage near the bird sanctuary, marked by two lofty sheer rock towers. The overall distance from Damzhung to Tashi Dor  is 74 km. The hermitage caves have a particular association between Padmasambhava and his consort Yeshe Tsogel. It was frequented by great many lamas of the past, including the Third Karmapa Rangjung Dorje. Nowadays, there are occpied by occasioanl hermits of the Nyingma and Kagyu schools. A newly constructed cave temple is maintained by three nuns and two monks. The temple follows the Nyingma tradition, holding Konchok Chidu ceremonies on the 10th day of the lunar month, and Dudjom Troma ceremonies on the 25th. O/N Guest House
 
11. Yangpachen Monastery: Located 14 km along the turn – off  for Shug La Pass (5300m) and Shigatse. It was founded in 1490 by Mu Rabjampa Thujepel on the advice of the Fourth Zharmapa Chokyi Drakpa (1453 – 1524), with funds provided by Donyo Dorje of Rinpung. Since then it has been the main residence of  Chokyi Drakpa’s subsequent incarnations, the Zharmapa hierarchs, who wear a red hat in contrast to the black hat worn by the Karmapa. The Zharmapas held  sway in Upper Tolung until 1782 when the  status of the 10th Zharmapa (1742 – 17820) was annulled Tibetan Government, following his alliance  with the Gorkha invasion force in attempted restoration of Kagyu power.
 
12. Drigung Til: The head monastery of the Drigung Kagyu orfer, Drigung Til is located 130 km northeast of Lhasa. It rises spectacularly from a high mountainside at the end of the long valley that begins at Drigung Chu, where the River Kyichu makes its last sharp bend before flowing down to Lhasa. Although a hermitage was first built on this site by the Kagyu yogi Minyal Gomrin in 1167, in 1179 it became the base of the Drigung suborder of the Kagyu tradition. The monastery was founded by a monk from Kham (1143 – 1217), a disciple of the great Kagyu Lama Pamotrupa, subsequently known as Jigten Sumgon, Lord Protector of Drigung. Due to his influence the monstery quickly grew in size and reputation and by the thirteenth century, was vying with the powerful Sakya order for political power in Tibet. Although it managed to survive an attack by the Mongols patrons in 1240 of the Sakyapa (the same force that destroyed Reting). In 1290 it was burned to the ground by the Sakya Army. While Drigung never again aspired for political power, it remains renowned for training monks in the contemplative tradition.
 
13. Terdrom Nunnery: In 772 King Trisong Detsen offered his wife of two years, Yeshe Tsogyel, to the Indian Tantric guru Padsmabhava. This caused such an uproar among the King’s Bön ministers that the couple were forced to flee the royal court. They took refuge at Terdrom , where they lived alone practicing tantric yogas in a cave, subsequently called the Tsogyel Sangpuk (Tsogyel’s Secret Cave). After Padsambahva departed Yeshe Tsogyel returned to Terdrom with another consort from Nepal. The side valley that leads to Terdrom is 2 km west of Drigung Til. A half hour drive of 8 km leads you up to a point where the small river divides into two and you see a profusion of small houses and prayer flags where most of the 115 nuns currently settled live here. The nunnery clearly stands out from the other smaller dwellings. The altar of the simple, earth – floor chapel displays the eight manifestations of Padmasanbhava and the peaceful and wrathful aspects of Abchi Drolma.
 
14. Talung Monastery: It was founded by in 1180 by the sage Talung Tangpa Tashi Pel (1142 – 1210)on the site where the Kadampa masters Drom Tönpa and Potowa lived. Talung Tangpa was a disciple of Pamotrupa Dorje Gyelpo in the Kagyu line descended  from Gampopa and Milarepa. He was renowned not only for his contemplative insights and powers but also for his austere and simple life. Under the inspirationof its founder , Talung Monastery became well known for its strict adherence to the monastic rules.
 
15. Nechung Monastery: only a few minutes walk from Drepung Monastery, Nechung has an important place in the history of Tibet. Until 1959 the medium for the state oracle of Tibet lived here. The mediun was a monk through the special protector of the Tibetan Government, Dorje Drakden, would give advice to the Dalai Lamas and leaders of the country. No major decisions of the Tibetan Government would be made without first consulting the Nechung oracle. The Nechung community of monks always had a special relationship with the deity Dorje Drakden. It is believed that this deity was first recognized and propitiated in India, where it was known as Pehar.
 
16. Drak Yerpa: 45 km northeast from Lhasa, following the road toward Ganden. Giuseppe Tucci, the Italian scholar and traveller, recorded his first impression of Yerpa in 1949 thus: “Yerpa appeared before my eyes at a bend of the road, a cascade of small white buildings along steep, green overgrown cliffs. One could have thought that one was not in Tibet”. Yerpa is said to be the “life tree”, or spiritual axis , of Lhasa itself. With more than eighty meditation caves, it was a village of several hundred hermits, monks, and nuns who lived on a site sanctified by Songsten Gampo, Padmasambhava, Yeshe Tsogyel, Padampa Sanggye and Atisha. Since the seveth century it has been considered one of the most sacred sites in Central Tibet.
 
17. Tashigang Monstery: Approximately 4 km past the Buddha on the cliffside is a turning on the left, marked with a sign in Tibetan and English, to the newly restored Tashigang Monastery. It s white stupa can be seen from the main road amid the village houses. Founded in the thirteenth century by the Sakya hierarch Pakpa, the small monastery of Tashigang was the first overnight stopover for the Dalai Lamas when travelling soutward from Lhasa.
 
18. Drölma Lhakhang: 6 km past the Buddha on the cliffside, Drölma Lhakhang is clearly visible on the right hand side of the road. Atisha is the honorific Sanskrit name given to Dipamkara Shri Jnana, the Indian Buddhist master from Bengal who was instrumental in the so – called dissemination of Buddhism in Tibet. Atisha or Jowoje (Precious Lord) as he is called by Tibetans, was born to a noble family in Bengal in 982. He renounced his home and wealth at an early age and dedicated himself to the setensicew study of Buddhism. He arrive in Tibet in 1042, aged sixty on the repeated invitations of King Lha Lama Yeshe Ö. Hos composed short text – “The Lamp of the Path to Enlightenment” became the basic writing of the Kadampa school. Which formed after his death under his chief disciple, the layman Drom Tönpa. He spent his years in Netand and died here in 1054 afte spending a total of 12 years in Tibet. Since hios death Drölma Lhakhang, to the female deity Tara, with whom he had a particularly strong connection, has been preserved  as s shrine in his memory.
 
19. Ratö Monastery: A further 7 km past Drölma Lhakhang, a road on the right leads to the village and Monastery of Ratö. It was founded by a lama called Takstang, who was born in 1045. It was an important early Kadampa monastery and was eventually taken over by the Geluk order. Ngog Loden Sherab, the great translator, as well as Tsongkhapa, spent time here. Later it became renowned as a centre for the specialized study of logic and debate. The most revered image in the temple is a small Indain figure of Tara, a replica of which is now enshrined in a glass case ot the left of the throne. It is said that Atisha paid homage to this image nad it spole to him. It is believe that the moanstery was founded here as early as the seventh  or eight century by a disciple of  the  Indian master Chandragomin. It was revived in 1017 by a monk named Tsultrim Jungne, a disciple of Lumpa Lumepa one of the main figures responsible for the re-establishment of the monastic order in Central Tibet and Tsang after the suppression of Buddhism by Langdarma. During the eleventh centurty the abbot of  Tangboche, Tsöndru Yugdrung, invited Atisha to live in the monstery.
 
TSETHANG & AREA
 
01. Samye Monastery: First Buddhist Monastery to be built in Tibet, probably founded during the under the patronage if King Trisong Deltsen, with the work being directed by Padmasambhava and Shantarakshita, two Indian masters the king had invited to Tibet.to help consolidate the Buddhist faith. The monastery designed on the plan of the Odantapuri temple in present day Bihar, Biharand mirrored the basic structure of the universe. As described in Buddhist cosmology. The central temple represents Mt. Sumeru, mythical mountain at the centre of the cosmos. Around it are four temples called “ling” which represent the four continents (ling) situated in the vast ocean to the north, south, east, and west of Sumeru. To the right and left of each of these temples are two smaller temples called “ling-tren,” representing the subcontinents (ling-tren) of the Buddhist universe.
 
02. Mindroling Monastery: The area around Mindroling is famous as the birthplace of many Nyingma teachers: Drapa Ngonshe, Orgyen Lingpa, Terdak Lingpa, and Longchen Rabjampa, all of whom spent much of their lives meditating, studying and founding monasteries in the region. In recent times Mindroling has served as the most important Nyingma monastery in Cnetral Tibet. In fact it was the large monastic establishment of the school, which until the seventeenth century was based in small       and hermitages throughout Tibet. It was founded by the tertön Terdak Lingpa (1646 – 1714) in 1676.
 
03. Ganden Chökor Ling: If you walk up the main street of the old town town of Tsethang, you will arrive at a sort of square with the monastery of Ganden Chökor Ling to the left. Founded by a monk called Sonam Tobgyal. During the reign of the Seventh Dalai Lama (1708 – 1757) it was converted from  a Nyingma to a Geluk Monastery under the abbotship of a geshe from Gyu-me called Tenzin Peljor Drakpa. The main chapel enshrines three hugestautes of Tsongkhapa and his chief two disciples.
 
04. Ngamchö Monastery: Although Jangchub Gyeltsen’s family was historically connected  with the Kagyu Tradition at Densatil Monastery, Jangchub Gyeltsen himself was a monk in the Kadam tradition. It was around the Kadam Monastery he founded, known simply as Tsethang Gompa, that the village of Tsethang evolved. Jangchub Gyeltsen’s successors, however, aligned themselves with the newly emerging  Geluk school of Tsongkhapa. From oral information given by the Geluk monks at Ngamchö Monastery it would appear that this was the original monastery of Jangchub Gyeltsen. At the the time of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama the monastery was under the leadership of Serkong Dorje Chang, one of the few Geluk lamas of this century who disrobed in order to pursue advanced tantric. Practices. His son, Serkong Tsenshap Rinpoche, became an assistant tutor to the present Dalai Lama.
 
05. Sang-Ngak Zimche Nunnery:Turning right from Ngamchö Monastery and continuing to the upper edge of the old town, you reach a small rebuilt temple at the lower slopes of Gangpo Ri. Thios   small Geluk nunnery is one of the first nunneries of the ordser. It was founded on the site of a cave  where a lama named Kyerong Ngawang Drakpa meditated. The main chapel and assembly hall of   the nunnery has its central image an old statue of a thousand - armed, thousand – eyed Avalokiteshvara.
 
06. Gangpo Ri: An arduous hike will take you up this mounatin that dominates the town to the “Monkey Bodhisattva Cave,” where the Avalokiteshvara descended to mate with the demones. The main pilgrim route starts 8 km along the main road out of Tsethang eastward toward Nyingchi and ascends the steep hill, passing the ruins of the Tongdu Nunnery, before reaching the cave, which is marked by a small shrine, just below the ridge. Traditionally, walk up here on Sakadawa,  the day that celebrates the birth, enightenment and death of the Buddha. To complete the circumambulation route, which returns you to the Tsethang side of the ridge (just north of Trandruk Temple), takes ten to twelve hours. A more direct path takes you straight up from Tsethang in about four hours.
 
07. Sheldrak: Looking across the tioown and valley to the west you can see a high, pointed mountain standing out from the surrounding hills. Just below the summit is the famous Sheldrak (Crystal       Rock) Cave of Padmasambhava, which has been recently restored as a shrine. It was here that Orgyen Lingpa discovered the Guru’s biorgraphy, the Padma Ka Tang, hidden by Yeshe Tsogyel. hundred years later Terdak Lingpa of Mindroling also discovered terma here. As with the Gangpo Ri route it takes between ten and twelve hours to walk to Sheldrak and back. The path starts 8 km southwest of the town along the a dirt road that runs up the western banmk of the Yarlung Valley. The pilgrimage starts behind the Tsechu Bumpa, recently rebuilt on the site of the original eight century stupa, and winds uop the rocky summit. Before the arrival of Nyatri Tsenpo the first King, who is said to have lived several centuries B.C.E. – this quasi shamanic figure, regarded as having an Indian Buddhsit ancestry, the Tibetans lived in caves, it was he who erected the frist houses, in  particular Yumbulagang.
 
THE YARLUNG & CHONGGYE VALLEYS
 
01. Tandruk Temple: Tandruk is situated in the middle of village of the same name 5 km south of       Tsethang upthe Yarlung Valley. It is one of the first Buddhist temples built in Tibet. As with the Jokhang and Ramoche temples, its founding is attributed to King Songtsen Gampo in the seventh century. He is said to have erected it to house a spontaneously formed image of Tara, and also served as a winter palace for the King. Like the Katsel Temple near Medrogungkar, it is a “demoness-subduing” temple. It was repaired and enlarged byKing Trisong Detsen, further expanded in the fourteenth and seveenth centuries.
 
02. Yumbulagang Monastery: a further 6 km up the Yarlung Valley  a small road winds up to the  left and takes you to what is regarded as the site of the oldest building in Tibet. Yumbulagang is believed by Tibetans to have originally built by the first king of the Yarlung Dynasty Nyatri Tsenpo. This tall , dignified building rises erect on the spur of the hill, commanding view of  the entire valley, Scholars    believe  that this building that stood on this site until the mid-sixties probably dated back to the seventh or eight century may have been built by either Songtsen Gampo or Trisong Detsen. Tibtan murals suggest that it found its final form during the time of the Fifth Dalai Lama.
 
03. Rechung Puk: Heading back from Yumbulagang in the  direction of Tsethang until you come to a road that crosses the valley into a long tree lined lane. Rechung is high on the spur that divides the the Yarlung and Chonggye Valleys. One of Milarepa’s chief disciple was a yogi named Rechungpa (1083 – 1161). He was eleven years old when he met Milarepa and spent many year practicing under his guidance He travelled twice to India, where he studied extensively wioth Indian teachers. In contrast to Milarepa’s other main disciple, the scholar monk Gampopa, Rechungpa was a lay yogi. Rechung Puk (Rechung’s Cave) is one of the places where Rechungpa spent time meditating. hundred years late the site was associated with another famous lay yogi, Tsangnyön (also know nas the “Crazy one from Tsang”) – (1455 – 1529), who claimed to follow REchuingpa’s oral tradition rather than the clerical approach of Gampopa. All that remains  at rechung Puk is a small cluster of white buildings, which have been rebuilt around the site of the cave. The monastery belongs to a tradition called Rechung Nyingyu, which combines the Kagyu and Nyingma lineages.
 
04. Tangboche Monastery: 17 km down the Chonggye Valley from Tsethang, you will notice to your left a aquare temple building at the base of the hillside in a village. This is Tangboche. Tangboche means “ great plain.” This lower area in the Chonggye Valley derives its name  from the time when the vast forest on the hillside burned down and showered the valley below with ash and charcoal, causing people to call it solnak tangboche, the great palin of coals.
 
05. Chonggye: The Tombs of the Tibetan Kings: At the end of the Chonggye Valley, 13 km from  Tangboche or 30 km director from Tsethang, are the tumuli erected as tombs for the kings of the Tibetan Empire during the seventh and eight centuries. Chonggye was the site chosen by the early Tibetan Kings as their burial ground. The large eroded tumuli that mark the tombs are found at the of the valley. The biggest and most easily recognizable tomb – the small temple om top – belongs to Songtsen Gampo. It is probable that his two queens were also burioed with hin here.
 
Songtsen Gampo (617 – 649), reigned from 629.
Mangsobg Mangtsen (646 – 676), the grandson of  Songtsen Gampo enthroned 650.
Dride Tsugten [Me Agdzom] (704 – 754), enthroned in the year of his birth.
Trisong Detsen (742 – 797), reigned from 754.
Mune Tsenpo (d.800), a son of Trisong Detsen, reigned from 797.
Tride Songtsen [Se-na-lek], a son of Trisong Detsen, (776 – 815), reigned from 800.
Tri Ralpachen [Tritsug Detsen] (805 – 836), reigned from 1815. 7a.Stele erected by Tri 
Ralpachen.
Langdarma (803 – 842), eigned from 836.
Ö Sung (843 – 905), the son of Langdarma.
Lhe Bön (d.739), the son of Dride Tsugten.
Luna Trukyi Gyelpo (n.d.), the son of Lhe Bön (?)
 
With the exception of Dusong Mangpoje, the succesor of Mangsong Mangtsen, all the kings of the  powerful Yarlung dynasty are buried here.. Songtsen Gampo (1), Trisong Detsen (4) and Tri Ralpachen (7) occupy prominent positions in early Tibetan history.
 
06. Riwo Dechen Monastery: Just before arriving at the tombs of the ancient kings in Chonggye, you pass through the village of the same name, above which are the clearly visible ruins of  the Chingwa Taktse Castle, aseries of ramparts climbing the ridge of the hill.A castle was originally built here by King Shatri, the tenth ruler in the Yarlung line, and eas the principal residence of the Yarlung kings unitl the time of Songtsen Gampo. Beneath the ramparts are the remains of the once magnificent  Riwo Dechen Monastery. The mighty crumbling walls of the main assembly hall are  all that still stand of the original monastery, whose  seventy buildings once covered the upper part  of the hillside. The main assembly hall was founded by the fifteenth century lama Lowo Pelzang according to the design of Gartön Chöje a disciple of Khedrup Je. At the time of  the fifth Dalai Lama it was assoicated with Drepung.
 
TSETHANG & NYINGCHI AREA – LHAMO’I LATSO: THE MIRACLE LAKE
 
01. Densatil Monastery: About 25 km east of Tsethang at the village of Rong, the Tsangpo, narrows and the road veers south away from the turbulent course of the river. A ferry will take you from   Rong to Sangri on the northern bcnk. The ruins of the once magnificent Kagyu monastery of, situated in a valley high above the Tsangpo, lie seeral kilometres  to the west of Sangri. was founded in 1158 by Dorje Gyelpo (1110 – 1170), a monk from eastern Tibet, who was a leading disciple of Gampopa
 
02: The Olka Valley: the Olka Valley is the traditional route from Lhasa to Lhamo’I Lhatso, which was followed by the Dalai Lamas and their regents.Remants of the stone - paved  pathway can still be seen as you ascend  the higher reaches of the Gyelong pass. Several kilometres east of Sangri, before meeing the the Olka River, you come across the ruins of the Sangri Karmar 
 
GYANTSE
 
01. Pelkor Chöde: Work started on the monastery by Rabten Kunzang in 1418 under spiritual guidance of Tsongkhapa’s disciple Khedrup Je, and was completed seven years later in 1425. Remarkably preserved, statues and paintings inside date back to the time of its founding. Although the shrines are       predominantly Shakya, it was traditionally unaffiliated and used as common assembly place. Today it is looked after by the Gelukpas. 
 
02. Kumbum: Rabten Kunzang in July 1427 embarked on his most ambitious project – the construction of the Kumbum (or Tashi Gomang Chöten), which was probably completed in 1439. the gilded copper roofing and the final consecration ceremonies, however not completed until 1474. the term Kumbum means having 100,000 images and refers to a particular style of stupa construction in which chapels are housed in ascending symmetrical stories. 
 
SHIGATSE & AREA
 
01. Tashilhunpo Monastery: Located in on the western edge of modern Shigatse, was founded in 1447 by Gendun Drup, a disciple of Tsongkhapa, who was subsequently recognised as the Dalai Lama. Gendun Drup was entombed in Tashilhunpo, one of two Dalai Lamas (the other was the sixth) whose remains are not enshrined in Lhasa. It was here that the Fifth Dalai Lama declared his teacher , Losang Chökyi Gyeltsen, then abbot of Tashilhunpo Monastery, to be a manifestation of  Buddha Amitabh abd the fourth in a line of incarnate lamas starting from Khedrup Je, one of Tsongkhapa’s two chief Since the abbot  of Tashilhunpo was already referred to by the title Panchen (great scholar), these incarnate lamas were called the Panchen Lamas. Losang Chökyi Gyeltsen thus became the fourth Panchen Lama. It is one of the main Geluk Monasteries.
 
02. Shalu (Zhalu): The turnoff to Shalu is on the Gyantse – Shigatse road , 19 km before Shigatse. The monastery is 5 km south of the main road, it’s distinctive green tiled roof just visible from the turnoff. It was founded in the eleventh century by a Sakya/Kagyu Lama named Chetsun Sherab Jungne, who had promised to built a temple at the place where an arrow fired by his Teacher Lotön Dorje would land. The first building was modelled on the plan on the plan of an Indian Buddhist Vihara. In the fourteenth century under the Mongol - sponsored rule of Tibet under Sakyas Lamas, Shalu was remodelled. It was supported by Drakpa Gyeltsen, the leading lay figure of the family that supported the monastery, in the Newari style. The murals of the Segoma (Kangyur) and Gosum chapels are the most striking examples of this style to have survived. It is believed that Atisha spent some months here in Shalu in 1045.
 
03. Ngor Monastery: about 7 hrs just after Tra La Pass (4050m) – turn right on a dirt road in the direction of Migchu Xian. Before reaching Migchu you turn right along a meandering route that takes you to the base of the hills, 7 km. Follow a wide river bed a further 7 km to the village below the monastery. A steep and precipitous access road takes you to Ngor itself. It is possible to walk from Zhalu to Ngor – it is a good ten to twelve hour walk over two passes – a gruelling day’s walk. Ngor Monastery (or Ngor Evam Chöden) was founded in 1429 By Ngorchen Kunga Zangpo (1382 – 1444), the scholarly monk who established the Ngor suborder of the Sakya. After the monastery at Sakya itself, it is the second most important of centre of the school.
 
Kailash & Manasarovar Yatra
 
In the far western Himalayas lies a moonscape of wide, stone sprinkled valleys and boulder-strewn. Out the midst of this windswept plateau raises a geometrical vision of pure white-snow the mystical. Known as the “Precious Snow Jewel” the snow covered holy peak shines brightly as the holiest place of in the entire Indian subcontinent. For endless centuries Kailash has called pilgrims and mystics who endured great hardships to reach the holy mountain’s remote location and worship on its gem-like slopes. Even today it is not a simple thing to visit Kailash. Although, we make the journey luxurious by comparison, one must be prepared, like a pilgrim, to endure the rigors of the road. But who said it would be easy to visit the home of the gods?
 
Myths And Legends Surround Mt. Kailash
 
An endless litany of myth and legend surround the holy mountain, whispering in the mists of morning as early rising Tibetan pilgrims make their circumambulations. Associated with the fabled Mt. Meru at the center of the world, in Hindu mythology, Kailash is known as the home of Lord Shiva who dances the cosmic dance of creation and destruction. For Buddhists, Kailash is home of Samvara, the Buddhist equivalent of Shiva and a wrathful aspect of Buddha Sakyamuni. It is also a holy place of the medieval Buddhist /saint Milarepa.
 
Each of Kailash’s four sheer walls lie-gem like along the four cardinal points of the compass and that’s not all!! /known as the “Navel of the World”, Kailash is located at the key point to the drainage system of the Tibetan plateau. From Kailash flow the four most sacred rivers of the subcontinent. The Karnali river flows from the south, “ Sapphire, face of Kailash", feeding into the Ganges as it rushes through the Himalayas. The Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra), flows from the eastern, “Crystal" face along the entire breadth of the Himalayas until it passes through the mountains into Bangladesh, empty-like the Ganges-into the bay of Bengal. The Indus River, whose fertile banks saw the birth of ancient Indian civilization, flows west and then south through Pakistan, from the northern God face. The Sutlej also flows west into Pakistan from the western, ‘Ruby” face of Kailash, eventually flowing, like the Indus, into the Arabian Sea. The two pairs meet the ocean more than 2,000km apart. Such symmetry is truly amazing-indeed holy.

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